Сжатие видеоинформации на основе трехмерного дискретного псевдо-косинусного преобразования для энергоэффективных систем видеонаблюдения

Беляев Е.А., Сухов Т.М., Шостацкий Н.Н.

Аннотация:
В работе рассматриваются методы сжатия видеоинформации на основе трехмерного дискретного косинусного преобразования применительно к системам видеонаблюдения. Для уменьшения вычислительной сложности предложено использовать трехмерное псевдо-косинусное преобразование, которое может быть реализовано без операций умножения, и процедуру квантования, которая может быть реализована без операций деления. Предложен метод временной фильтрации для сжатия видеоинформации в реальном масштабе времени. Приведены результаты сравнения с кодеками на базе стандартов H.264/AVC и MPEG-2.

Abstract:
This paper discusses video compression techniques based on three-dimensional discrete cosine transformation for video surveillance systems. Multiplication free three-dimensional discrete pseudo cosine transformation, motion analyzer and low-complexity temporal filtration method are proposed. Comparison results which show the practical efficiency of the proposed algorithm in comparison with H.264/AVC и MPEG-2 standards are presented.

Ключевые слова :
сжатие видеоинформации, трехмерное дискретное косинусное преобразование, временная фильтрация.

Key words:
video compression, three-dimensional discrete cosine transform, temporal filtration.

Литература:

  1. He, Zh. Power-rate-distortion analysis for wireless video communication under energy constraints / Zhihai He, Y. Li­ang, L. Chen, I. Ahmad and Dapeng Wu // IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology. - 2005. - Vol. 15. - P. 645-658.
  2. Advanced video coding for generic audiovisual services - ITU-T Recommendation H.264 and ISO/IEC 14496-10 (AVC), 2009.
  3. ISO/IEC 13818 (MPEG-2): Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information, 1994.
  4. ITU-T and ISO/IEC JTC1, «Digital Compression and coding of continuous-tone still images», ISO/IEC 10918-1 - ITU-T Recommendation T.81 (JPEG), 1992.
  5. Ji, X. Concealment of Whole-Picture Loss in Hierarchical B-Picture Scalable Video Coding / Xiangyang Ji, Debin Zhao and Wen Gao // IEEE Transactions on Multimedia. - 2008. - Vol. 11. - P. 11-22.
  6. Wang, Z. Image quality assessment: From error visibility to structural similarity / Z. Wang, Alan C. Bovik, Hamid R. Sheikh and Eero P. Simoncelli // IEEE Transactions on Image Processing. - 2004. - Vol. 13, N. 4. - P. 600?612.
  7. Koivusaari, J.J. Simplified three-dimensional discrete cosine transform based video codec / J.J. Koivusaari and J.H. Takala // SPIE Proceedings in Multimedia on Mobile Devices. - 2005. - Vol. 5684. - P. 11-21.
  8. Chan, Y.-L. Variable Temporal-Length 3-D Discrete Cosine Transform Coding / Yui-Lam Chan and Wan-Chi Siu // IEEE Transactions on Image Processing. - 1997. - Vol. 6, No. 5.
  9. Servais, M. Video Compression using the Three Dimensional Discrete Cosine Transform / M. Servais and Ger­hard De Jager // Proceedings of the 1997 South African Symposium on Communications and Signal Processing, 1997.
  10. Chan, R.K.W. 3D-DCT Quantization as a Compression Technique for Video Sequences / R.K.W. Chan and M.C. Lee // Proceedings of the 1997 International Conference on Virtual Systems and MultiMedia, 1997.
  11. Furht, B. An Adaptive Three-Dimensional DCT Compression Based on Motion Analysis / B. Furht, Ken Gustafson, Hesong Huang and Oge Marques // Proceedings of the 2003 ACM symposium on Applied computing, 2003.
  12. Красильников, Н.Н. Цифровая обработка изображений - М.: Вузовская книга, 2001. - 320 с.
  13. Mekky, T. On the computation of the 3-D DCT / T. Mek­ky , S. Boussakta and M. Darnell - IEEE International Con­ference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems, Vol. 3, 2003. - P. 1141 - 1143.
  14. Chan, S.C. Fast algorithms for computing the discrete cosine transform / S.C. Chan and K.L. Ho // IEEE Transactions on Circuits Systems II: Analog Digital Signal Process // 1992. - Vol. 39. - P. 185-190.
  15. Chichyeva, M.A. Image Block Coding Based on New Algorithms of Shortlength DCT with Minimal Multiplicative Complexity / M.A Chichyeva, and V.M. Chernov // F. So­li­na, A. Leonardis (Eds).
  16. Wiegand, T. H.26L Test Model Long-Term Number 9 (TML-9) draft0 // ITU-T Q.6/SG16 Document TML9.doc (VCEG-N83d1), 2001.
  17. Hallapuro, A. Low complexity transform and quantization - Part 1: Basic Implementation / A. Hallapuro and M. Karczewicz - JVT document JVT-B038, 2002.
  18. Malvar, H.S. Low-complexity transform and quantization in H.264/AVC / H.S. Malvar, A. Hallapuro, M. Karcze­wicz and L. Kerofsky // IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology. - 2003. - Vol. 13(7). - P. 598-603.
  19. Gordon, S. Simplified Use of 8×8 Transform - Joint Vi­deo Team (JVT) of ISO/IEC MPEG and ITU-T VCEG, doc. JVT-I022, 2003.
  20. Lin, Y.K. An area efficient design for integer transform in H.264/AVC FRext / Y.K. Lin , Ying-Ze Liao and Tian-She­uan Chang - The 17th VLSI Design/CAD Symposium, 2006.
  21. Schuster, G.M. Rate-Distortion Based Video Compression, Optimal Video Frame Compression, and Object Boundary Encoding / G.M. Schuster and A. Katsaggelos - Kluwer Academic Publisher, 1997.
  22. Yeo, B. Volume rendering of DCT-based compressed 3D scalar data / B. Yeo and B. Liu // IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics. - 1995. - P. 29-43.
  23. Lee, M. Quantization of 3D-DCT coefficients and scan order for video compression / M. Lee, R.K.W. Chan and D.A. Adjeroh // Journal of visual communication and image representation. - 1997. - Vol. 8(4). - P. 405-422.
  24. YUV Video Sequences, http://trace.eas.asu.edu/yuv.
  25. JM Video Codec, http://iphome.hhi.de/suehring/tml.
  26. MPEG-2 Video Codec, http://mpeg.org/mpeg/mssg.

References:

  1. Zhihai, He. Power-rate-distortion analysis for wireless video communication under energy constraints / Zhihai He, Y. Liang, L. Chen, I. Ahmad and Dapeng Wu // IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, -vol.15, -P.645-658, 2005.
  2. Advanced video coding for generic audiovisual services. ITU-T Recommendation H.264 and ISO/IEC 14496-10 (AVC), 2009.
  3. ISO/IEC 13818 (MPEG-2): Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information, 1994.
  4. ITU-T and ISO/IEC JTC1, «Digital Compression and coding of continuous-tone still images», ISO/IEC 10918-1, ITU-T Recommendation T.81 (JPEG), 1992.
  5. Xiangyang Ji, Concealment of Whole-Picture Loss in Hierarchical B-Picture Scalable Video Coding / Xiangyang Ji, Debin Zhao and Wen Gao // IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, -vol. 11, -P.11-22, 2008.
  6. Z. Wang, Image quality assessment: From error visibility to structural similarity / Z. Wang, Alan C. Bovik, Hamid R. Sheikh and Eero P. Simoncelli // IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, -vol. 13, -№. 4, -P. 600?612, 2004.
  7. J. J. Koivusaari, Simplified three-dimensional discrete cosine transform based video codec / J. J. Koivusaari and J. H. Takala // SPIE Proceedings in Multimedia on Mobile Devices, -vol. 5684, -P. 11-21, 2005.
  8. Yui-Lam Chan, Variable Temporal-Length 3-D Discrete Cosine Transform Coding / Yui-Lam Chan and Wan-Chi Siu // IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 6, No. 5,1997.
  9. M. Servais, Video Compression using the Three Dimensional Discrete Cosine Transform / M. Servais and Gerhard De Jager // Proceedings of the 1997 South African Symposium on Communications and Signal Processing, 1997.
  10. R.K.W. Chan, 3D-DCT Quantization as a Compression Technique for Video Sequences / R.K.W. Chan and M.C. Lee // Proceedings of the 1997 International Conference on Virtual Systems and MultiMedia, 1997.
  11. B. Furht, An Adaptive Three-Dimensional DCT Compression Based on Motion Analysis / B. Furht, Ken Gustafson, Hesong Huang and Oge Marques // Proceedings of the 2003 ACM symposium on Applied computing, 2003.
  12. N. Krasilnikov, Digital image processing - Moscow: «Vuzovskaya kniga» publisher, 2001. - 320 p. - (in Russian).
  13. T. Mekky, On the computation of the 3-D DCT / T. Mekky , S. Boussakta and M. Darnell // IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems, vol. 3, pp. 1141 - 1143, 2003.
  14. S.C. Chan, Fast algorithms for computing the discrete cosine transform / S.C. Chan and K.L. Ho // IEEE Transactions on Circuits Systems II: Analog Digital Signal Process, vol. 39, pp.185-190, 1992.
  15. M.A Chichyeva, Image Block Coding Based on New Algorithms of Shortlength DCT with Minimal Multiplicative Complexity/ M.A Chichyeva, and V.M. Chernov // F.Solina, A.Leonardis (Eds).
  16. T. Wiegand, H.26L Test Model Long-Term Number 9 (TML-9) draft0 // ITU-T Q.6/SG16 Document TML9.doc (VCEG-N83d1), 2001.
  17. A. Hallapuro, Low complexity transform and quantization - Part 1: Basic Implementation / A. Hallapuro and M. Karczewicz // JVT document JVT-B038, 2002.
  18. H.S. Malvar, Low-complexity transform and quantization in H.264/AVC / H.S. Malvar, A. Hallapuro, M. Karcze­wicz and L. Kerofsky // IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, Vol. 13(7), pp. 598-603, 2003.
  19. S. Gordon, Simplified Use of 8x8 Transform // Joint Video Team (JVT) of ISO/IEC MPEG and ITU-T VCEG, doc. JVT -I022, 2003.
  20. Y.K. Lin, An area efficient design for integer transform in H.264/AVC FRext / Y.K. Lin , Ying-Ze Liao and Tian-Sheu­an Chang // The 17th VLSI Design/CAD Symposium, 2006.
  21. G.M. Schuster, Rate-Distortion Based Video Compression, Optimal Video Frame Compression, and Object Boundary Encoding / G.M. Schuster and A. Katsaggelos, Kluwer Academic Publisher, 1997.
  22. B. Yeo, Volume rendering of DCT-based compressed 3D scalar data / B. Yeo and B. Liu // IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, pp.29-43, 1995.
  23. M. Lee, Quantization of 3D-DCT coefficients and scan order for video compression / M. Lee, R.K.W. Chan and D.A. Adjeroh, Journal of visual communication and image representation, Vol.8 (4), pp.405-422, 1997.
  24. YUV Video Sequences, http://trace.eas.asu.edu/yuv.
  25. JM Video Codec, http://iphome.hhi.de/suehring/tml.
  26. MPEG-2 Video Codec, http://mpeg.org/mpeg/mssg.

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