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High-Resolution Mapping of the Human Olfactory Bulb Using X-Ray Phase Contrast Tomography and Virtual Surface Unfolding
I. Bukreeva 1, A. Cedola 1, M. Fratini 1,2, O. Junemann 1

1 Institute of Nanotechnology CNR, Rome unit,
00185, Rome, Italy;
2 IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation,
00142 Rome, Italy

  PDF, 3621 kB

DOI: 10.18287/COJ1789

Страницы: 1112-1119.

Язык статьи: English.

Аннотация:
The human olfactory bulb (OB) is a complex neural structure critical for odor processing and one of the earliest sites of pathology in a number of neurodegenerative diseases. We used X-ray phase-contrast tomography (XPCT) to obtain high-quality 3D images of OB tissue from postmortem patients, allowing detailed visualization of soft tissue microarchitecture, including the olfactory glomeruli. To improve spatial analysis, we developed a computational unfolding method that transforms the curved surface of the OB into a 2D map. This transformation preserves anatomical relationships, allowing accurate quantification of glomeruli by number, size, shape, and distribution. The unfolded representations of OB image support in-depth statistical analysis and are compatible with machine learning tools for automated detection and classification of OB morphological structures. This method provides a powerful framework for studying olfactory function and identifying early structural changes in diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and COVID-19-associated anosmia. By integrating XPCT with virtual unfolding, we offer a new approach to mapping OB morphological features with increased clarity and diagnostic accuracy.

Ключевые слова:
human olfactory bulb, X-ray phase contrast tomography, virtual unrolling.

Благодарности
Fabian Wilde and Elena Longo for the assistance with the measurements at the P05 beamline of the synchrotron facility PETRA III, DESY operated by the Helmholtz–Zentrum Hereon.
     The authors used ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI, to improve the clarity of the manuscript's language. The authors reviewed and edited the content to ensure accuracy and integrity. The final manuscript represents their own work and intellectual contribution.

Citation:
Bukreeva I, Cedola A, Fratini M, Junemann O. High-Resolution Mapping of the Human Olfactory Bulb Using X-Ray Phase Contrast Tomography and Virtual Surface Unfolding. Computer Optics 2025; 49(6): 1112-1119. DOI: 10.18287/COJ1789.

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