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Integrated Sensing and Communication in Optical Fiber Networks:
Toward Simultaneous High-Speed Data Transmission and Distributed Environmental Monitoring
M. Al-Maliki 1,3, W.H. Al-Kamil 2,4, D. Al-Maliki 1, M.N. Jawad 1

1 Department of Gas Processes and Petrochemicals Engineering, Oil and Gas Engineering College,
Basrah University for Oil and Gas, Basrah, Iraq, 61004, Iraq;
2 Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Refining, Oil and Gas Engineering College,
Basrah University for Oil and Gas, Basrah, Iraq, 61004, Iraq;
3 Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Alfarqadein University College,
Basrah, Iraq, 61001, Iraq;
4 Department of Computer Technology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Iraq University College,
Basrah, Iraq, 61001, Iraq

  Full text (PDF)

DOI: 10.18287/COJ1853

Article ID: 1853

Language: English

Abstract:
This research introduces a highly integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system on a single optical fiber network to meet increasing demands for dual-purpose infrastructure utilization. The study employs a forward-transmission technique based on Polarization Shift Keying (PolSK). This work makes several significant contributions: 1- It demonstrates a deep integration model where high-speed data transfer and distributed environmental monitoring are achieved simultaneously using the same optical signal and infrastructure. 2- It quantitatively analyzes the system's performance, achieving a data rate of 300 Mb/s at a BER of 2.24×10-5 under vibration conditions, proving that critical communication services can be maintained. 3- It validates the system’s sensing capabilities by locating multiple vibration events with a standard deviation (STD) of 874 m and a sensor-side sensitivity of up to 405.84 rad/µɛ, confirming its potential for large-scale monitoring. 4- It quantitatively analyzes the trade-off between PolSK and more complex modulation formats, demonstrating PolSK's superior robustness to vibration-induced polarization noise. 5- It proves the cost-effectiveness and scalability of the solution by showing that it can upgrade existing optical networks without the need for additional bandwidth or hardware. These findings validate that critical communication services and full environmental monitoring can be continuously supported by a single, low-cost infrastructure.

Keywords:
Integrated sensing and communication; fiber-optic sensor; distributed vibration sensing; Polarization Shift Keying (PolSK); forward transmission; Digital Signal Processing (DSP).

Acknowledgements:
The authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the Faculty of Gas Processing and Petrochemicals Engineering, as well as the Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Refining, Oil and Gas Engineering College, Basrah University for Oil and Gas, Iraq, for their continuous support and contributions

Citation:
Al-Maliki M, Al-Kamil WH, Al-Maliki D, Jawad MN. Integrated Sensing and Communication in Optical Fiber Networks: Toward Simulations High-Speed Data Transmission and Distributed Environmental Monitoring. Computer Optics 2026; 50(5): 1853. doi: 10.18287/COJ1853.

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